Significant Books: A Theology of the New Testament

I stumbled across G.E. Ladd's A Theology of the New Testament on a friend's bookshelf.  When I looked through the table of contents I was interested in reading almost every single chapter.  Since the book weighs in at over 700 pages the table of contents is surprisingly long so I won't include it here.  Suffice to say he covers almost every New Testament book with helpful insights and analysis.

Ladd is probably best known for his work on the "kingdom of God," but he is also noted for his insight into Christian eschatology (which I've written about before).  He is also hailed for reviving biblical scholarship in the years after the second world war.

This book is academic (which you might have guessed by its size), but it is surprisingly accessible.  I credit Ladd's writing skill, clarity of thought, and the overall organization of the book.  It's easy to pick up and dive into any section.  It's also engaging on a devotional level.  As all good theology does, it deepened my love for Christ.

Yet A Theology of the New Testament did more than hone my perspective on the kingdom or eschatology.  It opened my eyes to the world of biblical theology of which I was hitherto unaware.  I had previously only been exposed to systematic theology.  To be clear, both "biblical" and "systematic" fields of theology put the Bible at the center of their study, but biblical theology focuses more on the historical development of the text and overall narrative of Scripture whereas systematic theology breaks down and organizes the text into comprehensive statements about specific topics.  Much more could be said here, but that is the essential difference as I understand it.

Among other things, this book exposed me to a beautiful branch of theology with a refreshing level of wit and sagacity, helped me understand a fundamental aspect of Jesus' message (i.e. the kingdom of God), and demonstrated the significance of Christian eschatology.  I'm deeply grateful for it.  Maybe (hopefully!) someday I'll make it to Tom Schreiner's and G.K. Beale's versions.

Significant Books: Desiring God

When Lewie Clark began discipling me in the winter of 1999 the first book he recommended I read was John Piper's Desiring God.

During our conversations I believe it became clear to him that I didn't have a solid theological foundation but I was eager to explore.  Although I had grown up in church I had never thought deeply about God's ultimate purpose for creation, his character, or his sovereignty.  Desiring God obliterated a significant portion of my world-view and re-oriented me on God's glory, his goodness, and his grace.  I remember reading a single paragraph or sometimes just one sentence and having to set the book aside to ponder and meditate.

It remains the most painful book I've ever read.  I lost my appetite and had trouble sleeping for a bit as I wrestled with it, but I ultimately fell joyfully in love with the picture of God which Piper painted from the Scriptures.

This is Piper's seminal work, and it undergirds his entire ministry (also named "Desiring God").  The book is subtitled, "Meditations of a Christian Hedonist," which can explained thusly: "God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in him."

The book is very well organized which was extremely helpful for me personally since the content was so mind-bending.  Here's a break-down:

• Introduction: How I Became a Christian Hedonist
• Chapters:
1. The Happiness of God: Foundation for Christian Hedonism
2. Conversion: The Creation of a Christian Hedonist
3. Worship: The Feast of Christian Hedonism
4. Love: The Labor of Christian Hedonism
5. Scripture: Kindling for Christian Hedonism
6. Prayer: The Power of Christian Hedonism
7. Money: The Currency of Christian Hedonism
8. Marriage: A Matrix for Christian Hedonism
9. Missions: The Battle Cry of Christian Hedonism
10. Suffering: The Sacrifice of Christian Hedonism
• Epilogue: Why I Have Written This Book: Seven Reasons
• Appendices (surprisingly helpful):
1. The Goal of God in Redemptive History
2. Is the Bible a Reliable Guide to Lasting Joy?
3. Is God Less Glorious Because He Ordained That Evil Be? Jonathan Edwards on the Divine Decrees
4. How Then Shall We Fight for Joy? An Outline
5. Why Call It Christian Hedonism?

Since I finished Desiring God I've read over a dozen other books by John Piper.  In essence, they are all the same book - Desiring God.  I've given almost 10 copies of this book away over the last 12 years, and I even recommended it to my philosophy professor in college.  Other than the Bible, there is no other book I more highly recommend to believers.

It is available for free in digital form or, of course, in print.

I'm curious about who else has read Desiring God and their opinions of it.  Was it challenging to read?  If so, was the challenge worth it?  Do you agree with Piper's vision?  Why?

P.S. The cover pictured above is no longer in print, but I chose it because it was the cover of my original copy and holds a special place in my heart.  

Jesus is Lord

If you've read any of my previous posts on the Gospel you know that I tend to favor the simple statement "Jesus is Lord" as the essential articulation of the Gospel.  This is something that I first discovered in the writing's of NT Wright.  In this video, Hirsch elaborates on the idea that "Jesus is Lord" is the essential cry for all we are about as believers.  As he says, it is a world-view in 3 words.

Breaking Down Hirsch's Video

If you haven't watched Alan Hirsch's short video on discipleship and consumerism scroll down and watch it.  I resonate with nearly everything he says in the video, and I've watched it a number of times now because I find it so compelling.  I like it so much that I want to break down his major points:

1. Discipleship and Disciple-making are foundational for any movement.  If we fail at this point then we fail at every point.
2. The culture is making disciples whether or not we are, and if we want to make disciples we have to account for this cultural influence.
3. Those who are discipled by Western, secular culture are first and foremost consumers.  A sophisticated confluence of media, advertising, etc. are crafting our self image and shaping our desires.
4. This consumerism is a religion in essence.  It is defined by what we consume and is the search for meaning, identity, purpose, and belonging tied to the consumption of products.  It is the most compelling alternative to Christianity in the Western world today.
5. Christian discipleship is about becoming more and more like the one we love - Jesus.
6. We worship Jesus through our obedience, through our becoming like Him.  This is over against the idea that worship is mainly about words (e.g. music).
7. You cannot build a church on consumers because they have no commitments beyond their own needs.  In contrast, disciples of Jesus have already given up their own agendas and forsaken their own needs.  One can build a movement with true disciples.

I love this.  Hirsch puts first things first - make disciples or fail.  The culture is effectively making disciples, and if we don't subvert consumerism and provide a compelling alternative (i.e. the Gospel) we will not effectively build the church.

This encouraged me

In my opinion this video is a bit overstated on a few points, but the overall message is on target.  Our mission is to make disciples, and we must think Biblically about what contexts facilitate that mission best.

In a word...

I've been thinking more lately about the simplest explanation for why I do not support "institutional" church but choose instead to pursue an alternative expression. I think I can sum up my explanation with just one word - love.  The story behind this summary is simple.

I grew up in the institutional church, attending services on Sundays and Wednesday nights and attending a private Christian school 5 days a week. Therefore, I had heard about love a lot since it's discussed again and again in the Scriptures. I think I even memorized 1 Corinthians 13 at one point.

However, I never came close to grasping the awesome importance of love until the Holy Spirit overwhelmed me on a hike in Devil's Den state park during my junior year of college.  All the Scriptural truth I had learned growing up, my bitter disappointment with life, and my profound loneliness coalesced in a moment. It was a divine encounter which fundamentally altered the trajectory of my life.

From there I had a series of 3 pivotal relationships with men who taught me how to follow Jesus. In other words, they loved me and taught me how to love; they discipled me.

After those experiences the Scriptures appeared differently to my eyes. All the discussion about love - how it fulfills the whole law, how it is the goal of our instruction, how it is the greatest commandment, etc. - suddenly had unprecedented clarity. I understood why everything is worthless without love (1 Cor. 13:1-3).

At this point I began to evaluate my priorities - how I spent my time, where I put my energy, etc. My evaluation led me to spend more time pursuing relationships so that I could love other men like I had been loved. I pursued these relationships in both one-on-one and communal contexts - having coffee, lunches, etc. with guys and then spending time with them together on a weekly basis to share life on a broader level. Conversely, this led me to drop Sunday morning services and other institutional activities so far down the priority list that there simply wasn't room for them in my life anymore.

In the time since I left the institutional church I got married, had three kids, began home-schooling, and became a foster parent for the state of Arkansas. My responsibilities have grown immensely, and my belief in putting first things (i.e. love) first has like-wise grown. Loving Jesus by loving others is the most effective way I have found to obey the Scriptures, combat the sin in my heart, and grow my faith as I treasure Christ above my personal comfort.  I don't have time, energy, etc. to put toward something that is less effective, nor do I believe I have the Biblical right.

I'm convinced that the institutional nature and structure of the predominant form of church in America today does not fundamentally facilitate and empower love-filled, Christ-centered relationships.  That's not to say it doesn't aid these kinds of relationships at all.    However, given the importance of love in the Scriptures such an institutional form of church is far from ideal in my opinion because it emphasizes too many activities and focuses too many resources on things which don't directly facilitate love.  I strongly believe we should organize ourselves in such a way as to make relationships central, and that our times together should focus on growing the seed of love planted in us by the Holy Spirit.

To be clear, I don't believe this is an issue of personal preference or pragmatism.  The issue isn't that institutional church doesn't "work" for me.  I believe this is an issue of taking the Biblical commands to love seriously.

Here's the logical progression as I see it:

1. What is our commission?  To make disciples.
2. What is a disciple?  One who observes all the commands of Jesus.
3. What is the summary of all the commands of Jesus?  Love.
4. Through was avenue is love best communicated?  Relationships.

A few natural questions:

• Is this an oversimplification?
• Am I overstating the importance of love?

Discipleship and Consumerism

A few years back I read Alan Hirsch's The Forgotten Ways.  He has an insightful analysis of what he calls "Christendom" which is essentially what I call "institutional church" that may be worth the price of the book by itself.  However, the most profound thing I read was his observations about consumerism and specifically how it has impacted our Christian culture.  In his opinion, of all the religions competing with Christianity today in Western culture consumerism is the most powerful and dangerous.  Yes, he believes consumerism is a religion, and I'm hard pressed to disagree with him.  This video is a wonderful synopsis of his perspective: